I did test with the latest version and the same issue occurred. I dug a bit deeper into the email and it does look like an issue with email. The html of the embedded image is referencing a content id, but the attached image doesn't have a content id.
I zoomed to where the image should be displayed and I can see it reporting the error that the linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted.
I've reported the issue to the sender.
Thank you,
Adrian